Pediments and tympanums are architectural features commonly found in the exterior design of buildings, especially in classical and neoclassical architecture.
A pediment is a triangular or segmental-shaped gable that sits above the horizontal entablature, which consists of the architrave, frieze, and cornice. It is typically formed by two sloping sides that meet at a central point, creating a triangular space. Pediments are often used to accentuate and add visual interest to the façade of a building.
Tympanums, on the other hand, are the semi-circular or triangular spaces enclosed by an arch or pediment, usually found above doorways or windows. They are often adorned with decorative reliefs, sculptures, or intricate detailing. Tympanums provide a focal point or a decorative element that adds visual appeal and symbolism to the building's exterior.
The use of pediments and tympanums in the exterior design serves several functions:
1. Architectural ornamentation: Pediments and tympanums are decorative features that enhance the appearance of the building's façade. They provide an opportunity for intricate detailing, sculptures, or reliefs that can showcase the building's theme, style, or symbolic meaning.
2. Visual hierarchy: Pediments and tympanums can help establish a sense of scale and hierarchy in the building's design. By placing larger pediments and tympanums above main entrances or prominent areas, architects can draw attention to these important elements and create a focal point.
3. Symbolism and narrative: Pediments and tympanums often incorporate reliefs or sculptures that tell stories or convey symbolic meaning. They can depict historical events, mythological figures, religious symbols, or cultural references. These intricate designs add depth and richness to the building's exterior, connecting it to its purpose or historical context.
4. Classical aesthetics: Pediments and tympanums find their origins in classical Greek and Roman architecture. Their use in modern buildings, especially in neoclassical or classical revival styles, evokes a sense of tradition, elegance, and timelessness. They contribute to the overall architectural style and create a visual connection with classical traditions.
Overall, pediments and tympanums play a significant role in exterior design by providing architectural ornamentation, creating visual hierarchy, conveying symbolism, and contributing to the overall aesthetic appeal of buildings.
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