1. Use of sustainable materials: A building can be designed to opt for sustainable materials that are environmentally friendly, renewable, and recyclable. For instance, using timber from certified sustainable sources instead of traditional concrete blocks, natural fibers, or recycled materials for insulation, and using photovoltaic panels for energy generation.
2. Minimize waste and optimize resource use: Builders can use software programs like BIM (Building Information Modelling) to plan the usage of raw materials based on the exact quantities required for the project. This way, waste from overordering materials can be minimized reducing construction waste.
3. Modularity: Designing buildings using modular construction techniques will promote efficient use of materials as this method is more accurate and requires less material wastage.
4. Promoting use of prefabricated building components: This method is used to build a building offsite, with the components brought to the site for final assembly. This promotes efficient utilization of materials as there is less wastage in onsite working conditions, and also this method leads to faster construction times.
5. Maximize daylight: Designs for buildings should consider optimizing the use of natural light into the building to reduce energy consumption for lighting. Building design can emphasize appropriate window positions, atriums, or light wells where appropriate.
6. Reduce water usage: Buildings can be designed to include low-flow or water-saving bathroom fixtures, appliances, or graywater systems. This promotes efficient use of water and reduces wastage.
7. Incorporating green roofs: Green roofs consist of a layer of plant growth on the rooftop, and they serve as insulators that reduce energy consumption and also help to capture rainwater reducing water wastage.
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