Bonsai trees are miniature trees that are carefully pruned and shaped to resemble mature trees in nature. The art of bonsai cultivation involves various techniques including pruning and shaping. This article explores some popular bonsai styles and how they are achieved through these techniques.
1. Formal Upright Style (Chokkan)
The formal upright style is characterized by a straight, tapering trunk, with branches that gradually decrease in size as they ascend the tree. To achieve this style, careful pruning is essential. The trunk is initially shaped by removing any downward branches and encouraging upward growth. Regular pruning is then performed to maintain the straight trunk and properly balance the branches.
2. Informal Upright Style (Moyogi)
The informal upright style represents the natural growth of a tree in nature, with a slightly curved trunk. To create this style, pruning is done to remove any unwanted branches and encourage the formation of a dominant, curved trunk. The branches are then shaped to create a balanced and visually pleasing composition.
3. Cascade Style (Kengai)
The cascade style bonsai trees appear as if they are growing on the edge of a cliff or a waterfall. This style is achieved by allowing the trunk to grow downwards below the edge of the pot. To maintain this style, regular pruning is necessary to keep the cascade shape intact. The branches are shaped to flow in the direction of the cascade, creating a sense of movement.
4. Semi-Cascade Style (Han-Kengai)
The semi-cascade style is similar to the cascade style, but the trunk does not extend below the pot's edge. Instead, it displays a more gentle downward curve. This style is achieved through careful pruning and shaping of the trunk and branches, creating a balanced composition that gives the impression of a tree growing on a hillside.
5. Literati Style (Bunjin)
The literati style emphasizes a tall, slender trunk with sparse branches. This style represents an old, weathered tree that has survived in harsh conditions. Pruning is done to reduce the branches and create an intricate branch structure that twists and turns. The trunk is also shaped to achieve an elegant and slender appearance.
6. Broom Style (Hokidachi)
The broom style bonsai is characterized by a straight, upright trunk with branches extending in all directions like a broom. To achieve this style, pruning is performed to create a balanced and full canopy of branches. The branches are carefully shaped to give the impression of a tree that has been shaped by strong winds or extreme weather conditions.
7. Group Planting Style (Yose-ue)
The group planting style involves planting multiple bonsai trees in the same container, creating a miniature forest or landscape. Pruning and shaping are done to achieve balance and harmony amongst the trees. The trees are carefully arranged to create depth, with different heights and textures to mimic a natural scene.
Conclusion
Pruning and shaping are fundamental techniques used in bonsai cultivation to achieve various styles. Each style requires careful planning and execution to create a miniature tree that resembles its natural counterpart. Understanding these popular bonsai styles and the techniques used to achieve them will enable bonsai enthusiasts to create stunning and unique bonsai compositions.
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