1. Building Orientation: The building should be oriented in such a way that it is perpendicular to the prevailing breeze, so that cool air can flow over the building.
2. Building Shape: The shape of the building should be designed to take advantage of the wind direction. A rectangular shape is best for natural ventilation.
3. Window Placement and Size: Windows should be strategically placed to allow air to flow into and out of the building. Fenestrations should be wisely placed to help cool down the interior of the building.
4. Shading: Proper shading should be used to prevent direct sunlight from entering the building. This will help to minimize heat gain and create a cooler interior.
5. Thermal Mass: Thermal mass (materials like stone, concrete, and brick) can help to regulate temperature by absorbing and releasing heat.
6. Building Envelope: The building envelope should be designed to prevent air infiltration, while still allowing for natural ventilation.
7. Humidity: Effective natural ventilation can help to reduce humidity levels in the building, but it is important to balance this against the risk of moisture damage and mold growth.
8. Noise and Pollution: Special attention should be given to the design of the building's air intake, to ensure that noise and pollution are minimized.
9. Occupancy: The number of occupants, their level of activity, and the time of day that they are present will all impact the cooling requirements of the building.
10. Climate: Different climates have different natural ventilation requirements. For example, in hot and humid climates, natural ventilation may not be sufficient, and additional mechanical systems may be required.
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