1. Sound insulation: Sound insulation is the ability of a material or a building element to reduce the transmission of sound from one space to another. Building elements such as walls, floors, and ceilings should provide adequate sound insulation between rooms or apartments to limit the transfer of noise from one room to another.
2. Sound absorption: Sound absorption is the measure of a material's ability to absorb sound waves. Materials that have higher sound absorption coefficients will tend to reduce the amount of sound reflections, which can be particularly useful in areas such as concert halls or recording studios.
3. Sound transmission class (STC): Sound transmission class is a measure of how well a material blocks sound. STC ratings are assigned to various building elements (such as walls, floors, and ceilings) and indicate the degree to which they can reduce sound transmission.
4. Noise reduction coefficient (NRC): The noise reduction coefficient is the average measure of a material's ability to absorb sound across various frequencies. This is an essential metric to consider when designing spaces such as classrooms or conference rooms where speech intelligibility is critical.
5. Vibration isolation: Vibration isolation is the technology of isolating machines and equipment from building structures to reduce the transfer of sound and vibrations. This is typically a critical factor when designing spaces that house sensitive equipment or machinery.
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