1) Incorporating natural ventilation systems such as courtyard gardens, atria and operable windows to encourage air flow and reduce reliance on air conditioning.
2) Implementing heat recovery ventilation (HRV) systems to reduce energy use and improve air quality by capturing and reusing heat energy from exhaust air streams.
3) Using solar chimneys, which consist of a vertical shaft with a solar collector at the top that heats up the air, creating a natural convection flow that draws in fresh air and exhausts stale air.
4) Utilizing passive stack ventilation, which uses natural buoyancy to circulate air through the building, with warm air rising and cool air descending.
5) Incorporating cross ventilation strategies such as wind towers or openings in walls to take advantage of natural breezes and improve air circulation.
6) Designing buildings with external shading devices or green roofs to reduce solar heat gain and lower cooling loads.
7) Using smart ventilation systems that automatically adjust the air flow based on indoor air quality and occupant needs.
8) Creating design features such as indoor courtyards, verandas and balconies to encourage natural ventilation and provide outdoor living spaces.
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