Some common facade systems used in urban design include:
1. Curtain wall system: This system is commonly used in high-rise buildings and involves an outer layer of non-structural material (often glass) that wraps around the building. It provides a sleek, transparent appearance and allows maximum natural light inside.
2. Brise soleil: Also known as sunshades, these are horizontal or vertical elements added to the facade to provide shading from direct sunlight. They can help reduce heat gain, improve energy efficiency, and add aesthetic appeal to the building.
3. Louver systems: Similar to sunshades, louver systems consist of adjustable horizontal or vertical slats that allow for control of natural light, ventilation, and solar gain. They can be manually or automatically adjusted to optimize comfort and energy efficiency.
4. Green facades: This system involves the use of climbing plants or vines grown vertically on the building's facade. It provides several benefits such as improving air quality, reducing heat island effect, enhancing aesthetics, and providing insulation.
5. Perforated screens: These screens contain a pattern of small holes or perforations that allow airflow, natural light, and views while also providing privacy, security, and shading. They are commonly used on windows, balconies, or as cladding material.
6. Precast concrete panels: This system involves the use of precast concrete panels manufactured off-site and then assembled on the building's facade. It offers durability, flexibility in design, easy installation, and requires minimal maintenance.
7. Metal panels: Various metal materials like aluminum, steel, or copper can be used as cladding on the facade. Metal panels can provide a modern look, weather resistance, structural stability, and can be easily formed into different shapes or patterns.
8. Glass blocks: These glass units are used to create unique and visually interesting facades. They allow diffused natural light while also providing privacy and thermal insulation.
These are just a few examples of common facade systems used in urban design. The choice of system depends on factors like climate, building function, aesthetics, energy efficiency, and sustainability.
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