1. Floodwalls: These are concrete or steel walls constructed vertically along the water bank to prevent water from overflowing.
2. Earthen levees: Low-lying areas can be protected by building a raised earthen embankment along the riverbanks.
3. Gabion walls: Gabion walls are made of wire baskets filled with rocks or concrete blocks to create a barrier.
4. Retaining walls: Retaining walls are designed to hold back soil and water to prevent flooding and erosion.
5. Sheet piling: A sheet piling system is a series of interlocking steel or concrete sheets that are driven deep into the ground to create a barrier.
6. Flood gates: Floodgates are large, heavy metal or concrete structures placed across openings in levees, dams, and other barriers.
7. Raised foundations: Buildings in flood-prone areas can be elevated on stilts or raised foundations to prevent water damage.
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