The Greek Revival architectural style, also known as Neo-Classical architecture, emerged in Europe and the United States in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was inspired by the rediscovery and appreciation of classical Greek architecture, which had a profound influence on Western culture.
The revival of interest in Greek architecture was fueled by a combination of factors. Firstly, the archaeological discoveries in Greece, particularly in the late 18th century, captured the imagination of European scholars and artists. Seeing the grandeur and beauty of ancient Greek ruins, they sought to emulate and replicate this architectural style.
Secondly, the Greek War of Independence (1821-1832) against the Ottoman Empire played a significant role in popularizing the Greek Revival style. This struggle for independence ignited a sense of Greek nationalism and a desire to connect with an ancient and glorious past. As a result, Greek architecture became a symbol of national identity and pride for the newly independent Greek state.
In Europe, the Greek Revival style gained popularity as a reaction against the ornate and excessive Rococo and Baroque styles of the 18th century. Architects such as James Stuart and Nicholas Revett published their detailed architectural surveys of ancient Greek buildings, which served as guidebooks for other architects interested in the Greek Revival.
The United States was also greatly influenced by the Greek Revival style. In the early years of the American Republic, it was seen as a symbol of democracy and the ideals of ancient Athens' participatory government. It gained particular popularity in the early 19th century, with prominent buildings such as the Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia and the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. adopting the style.
The Greek Revival style dominated architectural trends in Europe and America until the mid-19th century when other styles, such as the Gothic Revival and the Second Empire style, gained popularity. However, the influence and legacy of Greek Revival architecture can still be seen in many landmarks around the world, as well as in the continued use of classical Greek architectural elements in contemporary architecture.
Publication date: