Japanese tea gardens are known for their exquisite beauty and the high-quality teas they produce. Japan has a rich tea culture, and it is home to different types of tea plants that are cultivated in these gardens. Let's explore the main types of tea plants grown in Japanese tea gardens.
1. Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (Chinese tea)
Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, also known as Chinese tea, is one of the most widely grown tea plants in Japan. It is believed to have been introduced to Japan during the 9th century. This tea plant thrives in the cooler climate of the Japanese highlands and is typically grown in shaded areas.
Chinese tea plants produce green teas, such as sencha, gyokuro, and matcha. These teas have a delicate flavor, vegetal notes, and are highly prized for their health benefits.
2. Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Assam tea)
Camellia sinensis var. assamica, also known as Assam tea, is another variety of tea plant grown in Japanese tea gardens. This variety is native to the Assam region in India but has also found success in Japan's unique climate and soil conditions.
Assam tea plants have larger leaves compared to Chinese tea plants and produce bolder, stronger-tasting teas. Japanese teas such as hōjicha (roasted green tea) and genmaicha (green tea with roasted rice) are often made using Assam tea plants.
3. Camellia sinensis var. yabukita
Camellia sinensis var. yabukita is a specific cultivar of the tea plant that was developed in Japan in the early 20th century. It is the most popular and widely grown tea plant in Japan, accounting for approximately 75% of the country's tea production.
Yabukita tea plants are known for their versatility and adaptability to different growing conditions. They produce a wide range of teas, including sencha, matcha, and fukamushi sencha (deep-steamed green tea).
4. Other Types of Tea Plants
In addition to the main tea plant varieties mentioned above, there are several other types of tea plants grown in Japanese tea gardens:
- Camellia sinensis var. okumidori: Known for its vibrant green color and umami flavor, often used in Matcha production.
- Camellia sinensis var. saemidori: A cultivar that produces teas with a smooth and mellow taste.
- Camellia sinensis var. kanaya-midori: Preferred for its strong aroma and deep flavor, commonly used in sencha production.
- Camellia sinensis var. meiryoku: A tea plant known for its resistance to diseases and pests.
Conclusion
Japanese tea gardens showcase a diverse range of tea plant varieties, each contributing to the unique flavors and characteristics of the teas produced. From Chinese tea to Assam tea and specific cultivars like yabukita, Japan's tea gardens offer a multitude of choices for tea enthusiasts around the world.
Exploring the different types of tea plants grown in Japanese tea gardens allows us to appreciate the complexity and craftsmanship that goes into creating the perfect cup of tea. Whether you prefer a delicate green tea or a bold roasted blend, Japanese tea gardens have something to offer for everyone.
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