1. Message queues: Message queues allow for decoupling of tasks by allowing tasks to be submitted to a queue and processed in a separate thread or process, which frees the initial thread or process to continue with other work.
2. Pub/Sub architecture: Pub/Sub architecture allows for an event-driven approach where publishers place events on a message queue, and subscribers receive notifications of these events, which can be processed asynchronously.
3. Actor model: The actor model is a parallel-computing model that treats actors as the fundamental unit of computation. Actors are independent entities that can communicate with each other asynchronously and concurrently, allowing for efficient parallel processing.
4. Microservices architecture: Microservices architecture allows for breaking down monolithic applications into smaller, independent services that can communicate with each other asynchronously, which allows for improved scalability, flexibility, and resilience.
5. Reactive programming: Reactive programming is a programming paradigm that allows for asynchronous data streams and the propagation of changes in data through the system. This paradigm allows for responsive, efficient, and scalable applications.
6. Callbacks and Promises: Callbacks and Promises are common programming patterns used to handle asynchronous processing in a predictable and controllable manner. Callbacks allow for executing a function after another function completes, while Promises are an improvement to callbacks that provide a more structured and intuitive approach to handling asynchronous execution.
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