1. Adequate structural reinforcement: Designing a construction that is strong enough to sustain the forces of a disaster can be challenging, particularly for earthquakes and hurricanes.
2. Evacuation routes: Designing buildings that have safe and efficient evacuation routes can be difficult. This is crucial, especially in situations where people need to evacuate quickly and efficiently.
3. Accessibility: Having a design that caters to people with disabilities during a disaster can be a significant challenge, particularly areas that are prone to earthquakes and flooding.
4. Stormwater management: Floods resulting from disasters are always a major cause of devastation to buildings' foundations. As such, the ability to manage and control water is of utmost importance.
5. Fireproofing: During fires, building design must take into account the flame spread, smoke propagation, and fire resistance requirements to ensure that the fire does not spread across the building quickly.
6. Material selection: Choosing the right materials can be critical in disasters. For example, materials that are weak against natural calamities like strong winds, floods and earthquakes can cause significant damage to a building.
7. Cost considerations: Designing buildings that can withstand disasters often come at a high cost, which can be difficult for developers who need to construct within tight budgets.
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