1. Green Infrastructure: Cities can incorporate more green spaces and green infrastructure such as rain gardens, green roofs, and permeable pavements. These systems help absorb and filter water, reduce the urban heat island effect, and provide habitats for wildlife.
2. Efficient Transport Systems: Urban design can encourage alternative modes of transportation such as biking, walking, and public transit. This can mitigate the negative impacts of car-based transportation such as air pollution, noise pollution, and congestion.
3. Building Design: Buildings can be designed to be more energy-efficient with sustainable materials and renewable energy sources. This can reduce the energy consumption used in heating and cooling buildings, and this will benefit the environment by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Smart Growth: Urban design can encourage compact, walkable communities that promote local businesses and reduce the need for long-distance travel. This practice can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and enhance the quality of life in cities.
5. Adaptation to the Changes: Urban design can help cities adapt to changes caused by climate change, such as coastal flooding, extreme heat, and heavy rainfalls. This can be done through the use of sea walls, green roofs, and other natural defenses to protect the city from natural disasters.
6. Innovative Technologies: The application of technologies that are resource-efficient and climate-friendly such as ICT (information and communication technologies), building information systems, energy-efficient systems (smart grids), and mobile applications for urban environmental monitoring and management. Generally, these measures aim to enhance emission reductions, energy efficiency, and sustainability.
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