A cache miss in computational architecture refers to a situation where the data being requested by the processor or computing device is not present in the cache memory and needs to be fetched from a larger and slower memory storage location, such as RAM or hard disk. This can result in a delay in processing time as the requested data needs to be retrieved from the slower memory storage. Cache memory is used to improve the overall performance of a computer system by storing frequently accessed data in a faster memory location, thereby reducing the number of cache misses and improving data access times.
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