A deadlock in computational architecture occurs when two or more processes are blocked indefinitely, each waiting for the other to release a resource or complete a task, resulting in a complete system halt. Deadlocks can occur in multi-process systems with shared resources, where each process requires exclusive access to a resource that is currently held by another process. If the processes do not release the resources after completing their task, a deadlock can occur. Deadlocks are usually avoided by implementing algorithms that prevent or detect them.
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