1. Orientation of the building: The orientation of a building with respect to the sun influences the amount of natural light and ventilation it can receive. A building should be oriented to receive maximum sunlight and breezes.
2. Window placement and size: Windows are the most important design element that influences the entry of natural light and ventilation. The placement and size of windows should be planned carefully to ensure that they take full advantage of the natural light available. The correct placement and size of windows can even help to reduce the energy consumption in the building.
3. Roof design: The type of roof and the angle at which it is designed, influences the amount of light and ventilation that enters the building. A sloping or flat roof allows maximum sunlight exposure, while a peaked roof provides more air circulation.
4. Skylights: Skylights are another great way to bring natural light into a building. They can be installed in different parts of the building to maximize light exposure and ventilation.
5. Architectural features: The use of architectural features that allow natural light and ventilation, such as courtyards, atriums, and balconies, can increase the flow of natural light and indoor air circulation.
6. Shading devices: External shading devices such as louvres and retractable awnings can be used to control the amount of sunlight that enters a building while increasing natural ventilation.
7. Materials used: The type of materials used in the building also has an impact on natural light and ventilation. Materials that reflect sunlight or absorb it can influence the natural light that enters the building. Materials that allow airflow can influence natural ventilation.
8. Indoor landscaping: Indoor plants not only provide fresh air but also improve the aesthetic appeal of the building. Plants can be used as natural ventilation devices by increasing the flow of fresh air inside the building.
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