Islamic architecture incorporates symbolism in many ways. Some of the common ways are:
1. Calligraphy: Islamic architecture often features calligraphy, which is the art of decorative writing. Calligraphy is used to write verses from the Quran, prayers, and other religious texts onto walls and ceilings of buildings. This serves to remind the viewer of the divine and emphasizes the importance of scripture.
2. Geometric shapes: Islamic architecture uses geometric shapes extensively in its design. These shapes have symbolic meanings that are deeply rooted in Islamic tradition. For example, the circle represents unity, the square represents stability and the pentagon represents the five pillars of Islam.
3. Light: Light is used as a symbol of the divine in Islamic architecture. It is used to create an ethereal atmosphere in mosque interiors, and this is achieved through the use of intricate window designs and painted glass. Light is also used to create a structural expression of the divine through the use of complex domes and arches.
4. Water: Water is a powerful symbol of purification and renewal in Islam. Fountains, reflecting pools and other water features are frequently included in Islamic architecture. They not only serve functional purposes, but also reinforce spiritual cleansing and renewal.
5. Ornamentation and floral motifs: Islamic architecture is adorned with intricate ornamentation and floral motifs. These are thought to symbolize the beauty of the divine, and the importance of the natural world as an expression of God's creativity.
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