1. Single Points of Failure: An individual component failure that triggers a chain reaction of failures throughout the system.
2. Cascading Failures: A system failure that spreads through different parts of the system, causing a ripple effect of malfunctions.
3. Cyber Attacks: Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities and cause disruption in the system by launching cyber attacks like Denial of Service attacks or distributed attacks.
4. Underestimation of Requirements: Failure to anticipate the complexity of the system requirements, limitations and the inability to identify all possible failure modes.
5. Incomplete or Inaccurate Documentation: Inadequate documentation and lack of update and maintenance may lead to incorrect assumptions or misunderstanding of the system structure.
6. Overdependence on Manual Activities: Too much reliance on manual interventions or interventions of human operators can lead to mistakes and errors that may lead to disaster.
7. Human Error: Human error in design or operation can cause major accidents or malfunctions that may result in downtime.
8. Insufficient Testing: Limitations in system functional or performance testing may lead to undetected or unresolved defects.
9. Inadequate Maintenance: Failing to maintain and update systems and hardware or software can result in system failure, malfunction, or data loss.
10. Natural Disasters: Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods or fires can cause major disruptions to system operations, hardware and software.
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