1. Natural disasters: Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires can cause severe damage to buildings and infrastructure, disrupting the continuity of operations.
2. Cyber attacks: With the growing dependence on technology, cyberattacks have become a significant threat to architectural resilience. These attacks can cause damage to critical infrastructure and compromise the security of data.
3. Aging infrastructure: Aging infrastructure can affect the performance of buildings and functionality of systems, reducing resilience and increasing the likelihood of failure.
4. Climate change: Climate change can cause extreme weather conditions such as heavy rains, sea level rise, and extreme temperatures, which can affect the resilience of buildings and infrastructure.
5. Economic instability: Economic instability can lead to underinvestment in infrastructure and maintenance, decreasing the resilience of buildings and infrastructure.
6. Human error: Human error such as inadequate maintenance, insufficient training, and poor oversight can affect the resilience of buildings and infrastructure.
7. Public health crises: Public health crises, such as pandemics, can affect the operation of buildings and infrastructure, forcing closures, and disrupting operations.
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