A design strength is a value of strength that is chosen by the designer for a particular structure or component. It is based on considerations such as safety, economy, and practicality. The design strength is often higher than the characteristic strength to provide a safety margin against unforeseen loading conditions or materials imperfections.
A characteristic strength, on the other hand, is a value of strength that is representative of the material being used in the structure or component. It is determined by statistical analysis of laboratory tests or other data and represents the strength that can be expected to be exceeded by a specified proportion of test results. The characteristic strength is used as a basis for selecting appropriate safety factors and design strengths.
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