Limit state design is a method of designing a structure by considering its strength and stability under various limit states such as strength, serviceability, and durability. This concept is based on the actual behavior of the structure under different limit states, and the design is carried out by limiting the probability of failure to an acceptable level.
On the other hand, allowable stress design is a method of designing using a factor of safety by applying a permissible stress limit to the design. This method assumes that the structure will fail once the stress exceeds a certain limit, and the factor of safety is incorporated to ensure that the structure can withstand unexpected loads.
In summary, the main difference between limit state design and allowable stress design is that limit state design considers the actual limit states and behavior of the structure, whereas allowable stress design assumes the structure will fail once the stress exceeds a certain limit and incorporates a factor of safety.
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