Exposed concrete is a key element in New Brutalism designs, which emerged in the late 1950s and 1960s as a response to the architecture of the time. New Brutalism sought to create raw, honest, and functional structures that reflected the truth of materials and construction methods.
Exposed concrete, also commonly known as béton brut, was heavily utilized in New Brutalism designs due to its durability, versatility, and expressive qualities. It became a significant architectural statement, embodying the movement's principles.
1. Aesthetic Expression: New Brutalist architects believed that using exposed concrete showcased the raw beauty of the material. They sought to celebrate the inherent textures, patterns, and imperfections of concrete, which helped create a visually striking and distinct architectural expression. It conveyed an authenticity that contrasted the polished and refined facades popular at that time.
2. Structural Honesty: Exposed concrete in New Brutalist designs was an honest representation of the building's structure and construction process. Architects aimed to make the inner workings of a building visible, showcasing the load-bearing systems and construction methods. The rough, unfinished appearance of concrete surfaces reflected the belief in revealing the truth of a structure's construction, rejecting decorative cladding or superficial finishes.
3. Durability and Longevity: Concrete, when properly designed and maintained, has excellent durability. The use of exposed concrete in New Brutalism designs ensured that the buildings could withstand the test of time and weathering. The raw concrete surfaces allowed for easier maintenance, as repairs or modifications could be made without compromising the overall aesthetic.
4. Cost Efficiency: In many cases, using exposed concrete was also a cost-effective construction technique. It eliminated the need for additional interior or exterior finishes since the concrete acted as both the structural material and visible finish. By reducing the need for additional cladding or decorative elements, the construction process became more streamlined and cost-efficient.
5. Social Commentary: New Brutalism was often associated with social and political ideals. The stark, imposing presence of exposed concrete was seen as a reflection of the movement's desire to confront the realities of society. The weight and scale of the structures expressed a sense of gravity and permanence, calling attention to the challenges and pressing issues of the time.
While the use of exposed concrete in New Brutalism designs received criticism for its sometimes austere and severe appearance, it undoubtedly left a lasting impact on the architectural world. The movement's exploration of the raw beauty and structural truth of concrete continues to influence contemporary design and construction practices.
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