Solar gain can be controlled in building facades through various techniques:
1. Orientation and Design: Proper orientation and design of the building can reduce the amount of solar gain by minimizing the exposure to direct sunlight. The use of shading devices such as overhangs, fins, louvers, and shading screens can also help in reducing the amount of solar gain.
2. Window Glazing: The type of glazing used for windows can have a considerable effect on the amount of solar gain. Low-e coatings and insulated glazing units can help in reducing the amount of solar gain without sacrificing light transmission.
3. Thermal Mass: Incorporating thermal mass elements in building facades can help in reducing the amount of solar gain by absorbing and delaying the heat transfer.
4. Ventilation: Natural ventilation techniques such as stack ventilation, wind-driven ventilation, and cross-ventilation can help in reducing solar gain by allowing the flow of cool air into the building.
5. Green Facades: Green facades can be used to reduce solar gain by shading the building and reducing the ambient temperature of the surrounding area.
6. Light-colored surfaces: Light-colored surfaces reflect more of the sun's radiation and can help in reducing solar gain.
7. Active Systems: Active systems such as shading devices that automatically adjust based on the angle of the sun or building management systems that control the HVAC system can reduce the amount of solar gain by decreasing the amount of heat entering the building.
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