1. Moisture Infiltration: Water seepage through the exterior claddings, joint gaps, and cracks, causing damage to the building envelope.
2. Thermal Performance: Energy loss through poorly insulated walls, windows, and sealants, resulting in high energy bills and reduced comfort levels.
3. Fire Resistance: Fire hazards caused by combustible materials or inadequate fire protection systems.
4. Durability: Aging and deterioration of the facade material due to weathering, pollution, and environmental conditions.
5. Vandalism: Graffiti and other forms of vandalism can detract from the building’s appearance, and the cost of removal can be substantial.
6. Moisture Retention: Exterior walls that do not allow moisture to escape can develop mold and mildew, leading to health issues for occupants.
7. Structural Movement: Building movement due to wind, temperature changes, and earthquakes can cause cracks in the facade.
8. Design and Aesthetics: The facade should complement the building’s architecture, but also need to be functional and easy to maintain.
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