1. Pile foundation: Suitable for areas where the soil is weak, and the structure needs to be deep-rooted. Pile foundation consists of vertical columns that are driven into the seabed.
2. Mat foundation: A large and massive concrete foundation that spreads over a large area to support heavy structures such as oil rigs.
3. Gravity foundation: Gravity foundations use the weight of the structure to settle down and stabilize the foundation. They are useful where the seabed is strong and stable.
4. Caisson foundation: Consists of large cylindrical or rectangular hollow steel or concrete structures that are sunk into the ground to provide an underwater structure.
5. Anchor piles: Anchors are driven or drilled deep into the ground to secure offshore vessel and to maintain their position despite waves, winds and currents.
6. Mooring piles: Mooring piles are used to moor the large vessels and ships for offloading and loading.
7. Suction caissons: Suction caissons are cylindrical chambers which are lowered to the seabed by their own weighted foundation. The water is then sucked out of the chamber using a pump to create a suction force which is used to lift it to the surface.
8. Graduated buoyancy foundation: This foundation is suitable for stable seabeds where the soil quality is consistent with depth. They are constructed by lowering hollow, cylindrical steel tubes into the seabed. The tubes are then filled with water or sand, and the remaining spaces are filled with concrete.
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