Medieval architects used proportion to create a sense of balance by incorporating mathematical principles of harmony and symmetry in their designs. They often used what is called the Golden Ratio or Divine Proportion, which is a proportion of 1:1.618, to determine the dimensions and placement of elements in their buildings. This proportion was considered aesthetically pleasing and believed to represent divine perfection.
For example, in Gothic architecture, the height of the nave is often precisely twice that of the aisles, and the height of the building is often divided into two or three equal parts. The width of the nave is often a multiple of the height of the nave, and the width of the aisles is often half that of the nave. Windows and arches are often placed in symmetrical positions.
These various ratios and proportions created a sense of balance and harmony in the building, making it pleasing to the eye and giving a sense of stability and order. The use of proportion was also thought to reflect the divine order of the universe and enhance the spiritual atmosphere of the building.
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