1. Underground system: Hypocausts were an underground heating system that circulated warm air under the floor or through the walls of a building, providing efficient and even heating for large spaces.
2. Pillars and arches: Roman hypocausts were typically constructed using pillars and arches, which supported the floor and created a space for hot air to flow through.
3. Tile floors: The floors of Roman hypocausts were typically made of ceramic tiles, which allowed the heat to flow evenly throughout the space.
4. Stoking room: The hypocaust also included a stoking room, where fuel would be burned to heat the air that flowed through the system.
5. Ash pits: The ash and other waste from the fuel would be collected in ash pits located outside the building, preventing the release of harmful smoke and gases into the building.
6. Water heating: In some cases, the hypocaust system would also heat water for use in bathing and other household activities.
7. Public baths: Roman hypocausts were commonly used in public baths, where they provided comfortable and hygienic heating for large groups of people.
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