The key innovations in Roman architecture include:
1. Concrete: Romans were the first to develop and use concrete as a building material. They used a mixture of lime, water, and volcanic ash called pozzolana to make concrete that was strong and durable.
2. Arch: Roman engineers perfected the arch, which allowed them to create larger and more sophisticated structures such as aqueducts, bridges, and amphitheaters.
3. Vault: Romans also used the arch to create vaulted ceilings that allowed them to build larger and more impressive buildings.
4. Dome: They also created the dome by combining multiple arches, allowing them to cover large interior spaces such as the Pantheon.
5. Column: Roman architects introduced the concept of using columns as structural and decorative elements in their buildings. The three types of columns they used are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
6. Public buildings: Romans were masters of public buildings, constructing structures such as temples, theaters, public baths, and markets, all with impressive architecture.
7. Urban planning: Romans were also skilled urban planners, designing cities with straight roads and grid-like layouts. They also installed public conveniences such as fountains and public toilets.
Publication date: