There are several types of bridge abutments, including:
1. Spread footing abutments: These types of abutments consist of large concrete footings that spread the weight of the bridge over a wider area. They are typically used for smaller bridges.
2. Pier-supported abutments: These abutments are supported by piers that are typically made of concrete or steel. This type of abutment is commonly used for longer bridges.
3. Counterfort abutments: These abutments are similar to spread footing abutments but have additional support structures called counterforts that help distribute the weight of the bridge.
4. Gravity abutments: These abutments are large blocks of concrete that are designed to resist the horizontal forces generated by the bridge.
5. Cantilever abutments: These abutments extend outward from the bank of the river or stream and are supported by steel or concrete beams that extend underneath the bridge deck. They are used for bridges with long overhangs.
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