1. Load capacity: Bridges must be designed to support the weight of vehicles, pedestrians, and other loads. The load capacity is calculated based on the expected traffic volume and weight.
2. Materials: The choice of materials for the bridge is critical to its durability and strength. Common materials include steel, concrete, and timber.
3. Structural design: The structural design includes the layout, shape, and size of the bridge's components. This includes the piers, abutments, and main beam or arch.
4. Environmental conditions: The design must also take into account the environment in which the bridge will be located. This includes factors such as wind, temperature extremes, and seismic activity.
5. Aesthetics: Bridges can be designed to be functional and aesthetically pleasing. The design can include features such as lighting, landscaping, and architectural details.
6. Safety: Bridges must be designed with safety in mind. This includes features such as guardrails, lighting, and emergency response systems.
7. Maintenance: The design must also consider the ease of maintenance and repair over the life of the bridge. This includes access to critical components and the ability to inspect and replace parts as needed.
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