There are several types of piers used in bridge design, including:
1. Column piers - These are vertical columns that support the weight of the bridge superstructure. They may be rectangular, circular, or multi-sided in shape.
2. Wall piers - These are essentially rectangular walls that provide support for the bridge superstructure. They may be solid or perforated, with holes through which water can circulate to reduce the effects of erosion.
3. Abutment piers - These are typically located at the ends of a bridge, where they support the weight of the approach spans. They may be constructed as backwalls or wingwalls, and are often poured directly into the abutment foundation.
4. Cantilever piers - These are characterized by a horizontal beam or bracket that extends out from the pier, supporting the bridge deck or other superstructure. They are often used to span long distances where traditional piers would be impractical.
5. Pier walls - These are similar to wall piers, but extend down into the riverbed to provide added stability. They are often used in areas with high water flow or where the riverbed is particularly uneven.
6. Suspension piers - These are used in suspension bridge design, where the bridge deck is suspended from cables that are anchored to the ground via large towers or piers.
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