A bridge is a structure that is designed to span over water, valleys or other physically challenging landscapes. A causeway, on the other hand, is an elevated roadway or embankment that is constructed over a body of water or wetlands to provide a passageway between two land masses. In essence, a causeway is a roadway built over water, while a bridge span over it. Additionally, bridges usually allow for boats or ships to travel beneath them while causeways may restrict marine navigation. Ultimately, the primary difference is in the design and purpose of the two structures.
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