1. Insulation: Cryogenic facilities require extensive and effective insulation to maintain ultra-low temperatures. The insulation material should be selected based on the facility's specific requirements.
2. Cryogenic fluids storage: Providing the right storage infrastructure for cryogenic fluids is essential. Storage tanks need to be designed to contain huge amounts of cryogenic fluids at very low temperatures.
3. Pressure vessel design: Pressure vessels that store cryogenic fluids need to be robust and designed to handle the high pressure and low temperatures of the cryogenic fluids.
4. Cryogenic distribution: The distribution system requires extremely low-temperature resistant piping and pressure relief valves. Staged distribution systems are often deployed to minimize heat ingress from surroundings.
5. Safety concerns: Cryogenic facilities pose certain risks, and it is essential that they are designed with safety in mind. Essential safety equipment like pressure relief systems, detection systems, and automation systems need to be put in place.
6. Site accessibility: Industrial cryogenic facilities often require particular access to specific areas within the facility. Designers must consider this and ensure accessibility and room for the necessary equipment and vehicles.
7. Operation and maintenance: Designers must keep in mind how these facilities are maintained and operate because it can significantly impact the overall efficiency of the cryogenic facility. Avoiding components requiring impractical maintenance, operability and maintainability should be one of the key considerations.
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