The courtyard, or tsuboniwa, is a crucial element in traditional Japanese architecture. It serves as an integral part of the design, providing an open space for natural light and ventilation while also serving as a peaceful retreat from the outside world. In Japanese culture, the courtyard is also considered an essential element of meditation and contemplation, and it often includes elements of nature such as stones, plants, and water features. The courtyard is designed to enhance the overall aesthetic and spiritual experience of the building, creating a harmonious balance between the natural and built environment.
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