1. Limited control over variables: In observational research, researchers have little to no control over the variables that affect the phenomenon under investigation. Factors such as extraneous variables, subjectivity, and bias can impact the validity and reliability of the observations.
2. Subjectivity: Observational research is often subjective because researchers rely on their perception to interpret variables, observations, and reactions. This makes it challenging to maintain consistency in data collection and analysis as each observer may perceive and interpret things differently.
3. Biases: Observation research requires the researcher to be neutral, but a researcher's implicit biases can sometimes affect the study. The researcher's cultural or personal biases can sometimes influence the results, leading to inaccurate conclusions or interpretations.
4. Lack of generalizability: Observational studies often use narrow or small samples that may not be representative of the larger population, making it difficult to generalize findings.
5. Ethical issues: Some observational studies may also raise ethical issues concerning privacy, confidentiality, and consent. In such studies, researchers must ensure they adhere to ethical guidelines developed to ensure participant's rights and privacy are protected.
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