Post-positivist research designs are based on the idea that objective knowledge can be discovered through the scientific method. The researcher focuses on data collection, analysis and empirical testing of hypotheses to discover universal laws and patterns of human behavior. This approach emphasizes objectivity, reliability, and validity, and is often associated with quantitative research methods.
In contrast, Critical theory research designs are based on the idea that knowledge is not objective, but rather a product of power and social relations. The researcher focuses on uncovering hidden power structures, dominant ideologies, and forms of oppression embedded in social and cultural practices. This approach emphasizes subjectivity, reflexivity, and the use of critical reflection and interpretation, and is often associated with qualitative research methods.
Overall, post-positivist research designs seek to understand the world as it is, while critical theory research designs aim to understand the world as it could and should be, by challenging and changing oppressive power structures.
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