Non-experimental research design is a research approach where the researcher observes and measures variables without manipulating any of them. Unlike experimental research design, non-experimental research design does not involve the control or manipulation of independent variables, and thus it focuses on observing and describing relationships between variables. The design relies on data that is already available or naturally occurring in a given environment, and it does not involve manipulation or intervention of the researcher. Examples of non-experimental research designs include surveys, case studies, observational studies, and correlational studies.
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