1. Pedestrian and bike-friendly streetscapes that promote physical activity: Urban design that prioritizes pedestrians and cyclists can promote active transportation and reduce reliance on cars, improving physical fitness levels. Environments that are walkable, safe, and have access to public transit are associated with an increase in physical activity and a decrease in obesity.
2. Green spaces, parks, and community gardens: Urban design that incorporates green spaces, parks, gardens, and other outdoor recreational spaces has been shown to improve overall health and well-being. Research has demonstrated that access to green spaces can improve mental health, reduce stress, and alleviate depression.
3. Safe drinking fountains and hydration stations: Public drinking fountains and hydration stations can prevent dehydration and help people stay hydrated while they are out and about.
4. Urban agriculture and community kitchens: Urban gardens, urban agriculture, and community kitchens can provide fresh, nutritious food to people living in urban environments, lowering their risk of chronic health conditions like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. These spaces also provide opportunities for social engagement and community building.
5. Mixed-use development: Creating spaces that mix residential, commercial and office spaces promotes active living and social interaction. It offers people access to services and resources within the community leading to better health outcomes.
6. Street lighting: Adequate street lighting can improve safety for pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers, creating a pedestrian-friendly environment that encourages physical activity and ensures that the community can use outdoor spaces safely at night.
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