There are several ways through which building exteriors are designed to minimize heat gain:
1) Insulation: Buildings can be designed with insulation materials such as fiberglass, cellulose, or foam, which can minimize the amount of heat that enters the building.
2) Reflective roofs: Roofs can be designed to reflect sunlight instead of absorbing it, which can help to keep the building cooler.
3) Shading: Buildings can be designed with shading devices such as overhangs, sunscreens, and awnings that can block direct sunlight and reduce the amount of heat entering the building.
4) Passive cooling: Buildings can be designed to take advantage of natural ventilation and airflow, which can help to cool the building without the use of air conditioning.
5) Cool materials: Building materials can be chosen for their ability to regulate temperature, such as using lighter colored roofing materials or using thermal mass materials that absorb heat during the day and release it at night.
Overall, building exteriors are designed to minimize heat gain by reducing the amount of heat that enters the building, using passive cooling strategies that don't require energy, and using materials that help regulate temperature.
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