1. Passive Solar Design: The orientation, windows, and shading of the building should be designed to maximize the use of natural light and heat. The building should be placed in such a way that it receives maximum sunlight and shadows are cast in the right areas to regulate the internal temperature.
2. Energy-efficient lighting: Energy-efficient LED lighting should be installed throughout the building to reduce energy usage.
3. Reduce water consumption: Water-efficient fixtures and appliances should be installed throughout the building to reduce water consumption. Greywater systems can be installed to reuse wastewater for non-potable purposes like irrigation.
4. Sustainable materials: Utilize sustainable materials for construction; for example, materials made of recycled or reclaimed material such as bamboo, prefabricated materials to minimize wastage.
5. Renewable energy: Installation of solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal systems to generate renewable energy.
6. Green Roof: Rooftop gardens or green roofs should be installed, which reduces the overall temperature of the building and city during hot weather, saving cooling costs and reducing the urban heat island effect.
7. Waste reduction: Recycling units and water treatment systems can be installed to process waste generated by the building.
8. Insulation: Using materials with high R-value insulation to reduce heat loss or heat gain.
9. Increase Airflow: Properly designed ventilation can reduce the power consumed by heating and cooling.
10. Certification: Lastly, obtaining a certification such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) which sets standards to maximize sustainability.
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