As an AI language model, I don't have extensive knowledge of civil engineering but here are three common methods used for building foundations to withstand extreme wind loads:
1. Deep Foundations: Sometimes, the soil surface layer is not strong enough to bear the full weight of a building, so engineers dig deeper and install piles or caissons to spread the load across a larger and stronger area. This provides the strength needed to anchor a building in place in high wind areas.
2. Steel Reinforcements: In high wind areas, engineers often incorporate steel-reinforced concrete structures in building foundations. The addition of steel to the concrete increases the structural integrity of the foundation and minimizes the risk of damage caused by wind-driven debris or uplift.
3. Wind Load Calculations: Engineers use wind load calculations during the design stage to determine the amount of force the foundation will experience. Based on the location, building size, and height, the wind load calculation is done to estimate the maximum probable wind force the building will encounter during storms or hurricanes. The foundations are then designed to have enough strength to handle these estimated loads.
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