Building exteriors are designed to minimize solar radiation in the following ways:
1. Orientation: The orientation of the building is very crucial in minimizing solar radiation. Buildings that are oriented facing the sun have a higher solar radiation impact than ones that are oriented at an angle. Therefore, buildings are designed to face the north-south direction, and the windows are strategically placed to prevent direct sunlight into the building.
2. Shading Devices: Different shading devices like awnings, shutters, and louvers can be effectively used to minimize solar radiation's impact. These devices limit the amount of direct sunlight entering the building by blocking the sun's rays.
3. Reflective surfaces: The use of reflective surfaces like white roofs, white walls, and special reflective coatings reflects the sun's rays and reduces the amount of heat that penetrates the building surfaces.
4. Insulation: The use of insulation in building exteriors helps in minimizing solar radiation. Insulation materials are designed to absorb heat and prevent it from penetrating the interior of the building. Proper insulation reduces the amount of heat gained or lost through the exterior walls and roof, effectively minimizing the impact of solar radiation.
5. Vegetation: Plants and trees in the surrounding of the building absorb a significant amount of solar radiation, providing a natural shield against the sun's radiant heat. Green roofs, gardens, and trees can help create a cooler environment and reduce the impact of solar radiation.
All these factors are taken into account during the design phase of the building to minimize solar radiation and provide roof thermal insulation and comfort to the occupants.
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